Climate solution: Sails make a comeback in shipping, to dent its huge carbon footprint

Yann Jourdan, a French sailor, has traded higher earnings on fuel-powered cargo ships for the peace of mind that comes with captaining a sail-powered vessel. Though his income is now a fraction of what it could be, Jourdan takes pride in using wind energy to transport goods across the Atlantic, reducing the shipping industry's carbon footprint for the sake of future generations, including his young son.

Shipping accounts for over 80% of global trade but also contributes around 3% of global greenhouse gas emissions. Without a swift transition to cleaner energy, this pollution is expected to increase. Sail-powered cargo ships like the Grain de Sail II are proving that wind energy can offer a sustainable alternative.

The Grain de Sail II is a modern vessel equipped with carbon-fiber masts, mechanized sail systems, and advanced navigation technology. It operates primarily on wind power, using its diesel engine only in ports. Founded by Jacques and Olivier Barreau, the Grain de Sail company finances these ventures with profits from their chocolate and coffee business. The ship’s swift transatlantic crossings—17 days to New York and 15 days back—demonstrate the efficiency of modern sail technology.

Wind-assist technology is also gaining traction on larger engine-powered cargo ships. Vessels like the massive Sea Zhoushan use spinning rotors to harness wind energy, cutting fuel consumption by up to 8%. Finnish company Norsepower has equipped 16 ships with this technology and has orders for more. According to Clarksons Research, wind-assisted ships are a growing segment, with 165 vessels already operational or in development.

Upcoming EU regulations requiring large cargo ships to pay for some emissions by 2025 are further incentivizing this shift. Bryan Comer of the International Council on Clean Transportation believes wind propulsion will play a key role in decarbonizing even the largest cargo vessels.

While wind-powered ships face challenges, such as reliance on favorable weather, companies like Neoline are addressing these limitations with hybrid systems. Neoline’s upcoming vessel, set to launch in 2025, will rely on wind for 70% of its energy and diesel for punctuality.

Grain de Sail is already planning a third, larger vessel that will carry significantly more cargo while maintaining its commitment to wind power. For Jourdan, there’s no turning back to fuel-powered shipping. He calls it a "dirty business" and remains dedicated to sustainable alternatives he can be proud of.